Fairchild History

The history of the Fairchild Corporation dates back to the Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation founded by Sherman Mills Fairchild in 1920.  A few months before his death at the age of 74 in March 1971, the Smithsonian Institution honored him on the fiftieth anniversary of Fairchild as a leader in the aviation industry.

The Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation was the first of a number of aviation and aerospace companies to bear the Fairchild name.  In 1920, the invention of the first large, high speed, between-the-lens shutter for aerial cameras made accurate aerial mapping possible for the first time.  Fairchild completed the first aerial mapping of all five boroughs of New York City in 1924.

In the 1920's, commercial aviation was in its infancy, and in order to produce aircraft suitable for this industry, as well as for aerial surveying, Mr. Fairchild began the development and manufacture of airplanes which soon established him as the largest supplier of civilian transport aircraft in the country.  Fairchild developed the first commercially successful cabin monoplane built in the United States.  Between 1927 and 1930, the Fairchild Aviation Corporation delivered more than 300 of its FC-2 series and became the nation's largest manufacturer of commercial aircraft of the period.

Fairchild built the first aircraft specifically designed to airline specifications, the model 100-A Pilgrim which was built in 1931 for American Airways (now American Airlines).  Fairchild initially tested the first all-metal, semi-monocoque transport capable of exceeding 200 mph in 1932.  The first and only one of its kind, the XC-31 aircraft was designed to carry U. S. Army personnel,.  It was delivered to the Army  in 1936.

In the early 1930's, Fairchild started development of the 6- and 12-cylinder Ranger series engines, which were the first air-cooled in-line engines featuring pressure cooling.  In 1935, Fairchild introduced the first successful radio compass, the Kreusi, more than 10,000 had been delivered by 1947.  In the Mid-1930's, Fairchild also pioneered the application of composite structures to airframe design and production.  The adhesive bonding processes and techniques are still followed in the manufacture of composite structures today.  Fairchild also developed the first nine-lens mapping camera for the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1936.

By 1938, Fairchild had become a major supplier to the U.S. Air Force, building engines and pursuit-type trainers.  Fairchild went on to develop many successful civilian and military aircraft including the P-47 Thunderbolt, the C-119 cargo carrier and gunship, the F-105 Thunderchief and the A-10 Thunderbolt II.  The Fairchild PT-19 was the first practical low-wing primary military trainer and won an Air Corps competition over 17 other aircraft in 1939.  More than 8,000 PT-19s were built for the military services of U. S. and allied nations during World War II.  In 1941, Fairchild developed the First lead computing gunsight for aircraft for installation on B-24 bombers.  Development of the complex and widely used photographic, multiple-exposure flight analyzer for accurate recording and measurement of aircraft flight paths camera was started in the 1930s.  It was finally completed in the late 1940s.

The Fairchild C-82 and C-119 series pioneered the large-scale aerial delivery of military equipment and supplies and was the first successful military transport specifically designed to accommodate the post-World War II concept of an all-air Army.  Fairchild developed the first integrated, pod-mounted photo reconnaissance system for use on the B-58 bomber.  Fairchild started production of the F-27 in 1957, the first  U.S.-produced turbine-powered airliner to enter commercial service, and delivered 206 of the F-27, FH-227 series to U. S. airlines.

In the mid 1960's, the company undertook the building of satellites for NASA, and its name changed to Fairchild Hiller to reflect the acquisition of Hiller Aircraft.  Shortly thereafter, the company acquired Republic Aviation, a major manufacturer of military aircraft.  In the 1970's, its corporate identity became Fairchild Industries, Inc., when the decision was made  to pursue a strategy of diversifying its operations.

Through the 1970's and early 80's, Fairchild continued to grow its many divisions and subsidiaries, including major ventures in communications, space, commercial and military aviation, and several industrial markets.  In the mid 80's, Fairchild sold its aircraft-manufacturing divisions and focused its resources on aerospace and industrial components.

Banner Industries, Inc. acquired Fairchild Industries in 1989 and changed its name to The Fairchild Corporation in 1990.  This signaled a new era in the growth of the company,  By that time, events in the evolution of what had been a small Cleveland-based company called Banner Hardware Jobbing Company founded in 1956, which, through internal growth and the judicious management of numerous acquisitions, had become a diversified, international corporation.

Beginning in the 1960's, Banner acquired numerous companies in a wide range of businesses, from motor freight, ceramic tile, a foundry, a locomotive company, plastics, to aircraft parts and industrial fasteners.  But when Jeffrey Steiner became Banner's Chairman and CEO in 1985, the pace accelerated and Banner soon became a major international corporation.  In 1987, the company acquired Rexnord and in 1988, its competitor in the power transmission components industry, P.T. Components, the owner of Link Belt.

In conformance with its extremely successful management philosophy, Banner kept those Fairchild operations which it believed would fit best with its core businesses, in the aviation, communications and capital goods markets and sold Fairchild's space and defense oriented businesses.

Recently, Fairchild's interests have focused on fasteners, parts distribution to the aviation after market, power transmission products, telecommunication and other industrial products such as tooling for the plastics industry.  Its position in the aircraft fastener business was further strengthened by the Fairchild acquisition, when Fairchild's Aerospace Fastener Division was combined with Rexnord's Specialty Fastener Division.

During the calendar years 1997 and 1998, a ground-up restructuring of the company was completed to meet unparalleled growth and innovation goals.  Many novel and unique concepts for enhancing customer relationships have been established.  Our sales and marketing team created full service offices providing: technical design; sales operations; logistical support as well as technical support for the life of the product.

A cutting-edge CAD/CAM manufacturing program utilizing SolidWorks and the Guildemeister® system now allow all Fairchild manufacturing units the ability to seamlessly produce customer orders on a worldwide basis, using the same specifications and quality assurance systems.

Recent acquisitions of Simmonds and Mecaero have established Fairchild as the market leader in Europe for nuts and bolts.  The acquisition in 1999 of  SNEP further enhances Fairchild French operations.  Fairchild's emphasis on logistics support for customers has been enhanced by the acquisition of Special-T Fasteners in the United States and AS+C in Germany.

In 1999, Fairchild Fasteners acquired Kaynar Technologies Inc. (KTI), a major national market leader and supplier of a diversified line of aerospace, automotive and industrial fasteners, components and tools. Included in the purchase were companies and divisions producing over 10,000 different products which are being integrated into the Fairchild Fasteners family for optimal productivity and cost effective manufacturing practices. KTI was comprised of Kaynar Manufacturing, Microdot and K-FAST Assembly Tool Systems. In 1996, Recoil Pty. Ltd. of Australia was purchased by KTI. Microdot/Recoil groups combined expanding automotive and industrial sales and distribution throughout Australia, Asia, U.S. and Europe. Aerospace Precision Systems (APS) of Anaheim, California, a manufacturer of automated aircraft fastening machines, was purchased by KTI in 1997. M&M Machine and Tool Company of Huntington Beach, California, a forty-year-old sub-contractor in the aerospace industry, was acquired by KTI in 1998. Marson Corporation, of Stoughton, Massachusetts, a forty-two year old manufacturer of a broad line of rivets, inserts and tools, was purchased by KTI in 1998. Eagle Enterprises of La Habra, California, a manufacturer of fluid fittings for the aerospace industry, was acquired by KTI in 1998.

Life of Thomas Alva Edison

Thomas Alva Edison ( Frebuary 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931 ) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, pactical electriclight bulb. Dubbed "The Wizzard of Menlo Park" by anewspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process oh invention, and because of that, he is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.

Edison is the fourth most prolific inventor in history, holding 1,903 US patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. He is credited with numerous inventions that contributed to mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications. These included a stock ticker, a mechanical vote recorder, a battery for an electric car, electrical power, recorded music and motion pictures.

His advanced work in these fields was an outgrowth of his early career as a telegraph operator. Edison developed a system of electric-power generation and distribution to homes, businesses, and factories - a crucial development in the modern industrialized world. His first power station was on Pearl Street in Manhattan, New York.

Early Life

Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, and grew up in Port Huron, Michigan. He was the seventh and last child of Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. (1804–96, born in Marshalltown, Nova Scotia, Canada) and Nancy Matthews Elliott (1810–1871, born in Chenango County, New York).  His father had to escape from Canada because he took part in the unsuccessful Mackenzie Rebellion of 1837. Edison reported being of Dutch ancestry.

In school, the young Edison's mind often wandered, and his teacher, the Reverend Engle, was overheard calling him "addled". This ended Edison's three months of official schooling. Edison recalled later, "My mother was the making of me. She was so true, so sure of me; and I felt I had something to live for, someone I must not disappoint." His mother taught him at home. Much of his education came from reading R.G. Parker's School of Natural Philosophy.

Edison developed hearing problems at an early age. The cause of his deafness has been attributed to a bout of scarlet fever during childhood and recurring untreated middle-ear infections. Around the middle of his career, Edison attributed the hearing impairment to being struck on the ears by a train conductor when his chemical laboratory in a boxcar caught fire and he was thrown off the train in Smiths Creek, Michigan, along with his apparatus and chemicals. In his later years, he modified the story to say the injury occurred when the conductor, in helping him onto a moving train, lifted him by the ears.

Edison's family moved to Port Huron, Michigan, after the railroad bypassed Milan in 1854 and business declined; his life there was bittersweet. He sold candy and newspapers on trains running from Port Huron to Detroit, and he sold vegetables to supplement his income. He also studied qualitative analysis, and conducted chemical experiments on the train until an accident prohibited further work of the kind.

He obtained the exclusive right to sell newspapers on the road, and, with the aid of four assistants, he set in type and printed the Grand Trunk Herald, which he sold with his other papers. This began Edison's long streak of entrepreneurial ventures, as he discovered his talents as a businessman. These talents eventually led him to found 14 companies, including General Electric, which is still one of the largest publicly traded companies in the world.

Telegrapher

Edison became a telegraph operator after he saved three-year-old Jimmie MacKenzie from being struck by a runaway train. Jimmie's father, station agent J.U. MacKenzie of Mount Clemens, Michigan was so grateful that he trained Edison as a telegraph operator. Edison's first telegraphy job away from Port Huron was at Stratford Junction, Ontario, on the Grand Trunk Railway.

In 1866, at the age of 19, Edison moved to Louisville, Kentucky, where, as an employee of Western Union, he worked the Associated Press bureau news wire. Edison requested the night shift, which allowed him plenty of time to spend at his two favorite pastimes—reading and experimenting. Eventually, the latter pre-occupation cost him his job. One night in 1867, he was working with a lead-acid battery when he spilled sulfuric acid onto the floor. It ran between the floorboards and onto his boss's desk below. The next morning Edison was fired.

One of his mentors during those early years was a fellow telegrapher and inventor named Franklin Leonard Pope, who allowed the impoverished youth to live and work in the basement of his Elizabeth, New Jersey home. Some of Edison's earliest inventions were related to telegraphy, including a stock ticker. His first patent was for the electric vote recorder, (U.S. Patent 90,646), which was granted on June 1, 1869.

Marriages and Children

On December 25, 1871, Edison married 16-year-old Mary Stilwell (1855–1884), whom he had met two months earlier; she was an employee at one of his shops. They had three children:

• Marion Estelle Edison (1873–1965), nicknamed "Dot"
• Thomas Alva Edison, Jr. (1876–1935), nicknamed "Dash"
• William Leslie Edison (1878–1937) Inventor, graduate of the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale, 1900.

Mary Edison died at age 29 on August 9, 1884, of unknown causes: possibly from a brain tumor or a morphine overdose. Doctors frequently prescribed morphine to women in those years to treat a variety of causes, and researchers believe that some of her symptoms sounded as if they were associated with morphine poisoning.

Mina Edison in 1906

On February 24, 1886, at the age of thirty-nine, Edison married the 20-year-old Mina Miller (1866–1947) in Akron, Ohio. She was the daughter of the inventor Lewis Miller, co-founder of the Chautauqua Institution and a benefactor of Methodist charities. They also had three children together:

• Madeleine Edison (1888–1979), who married John Eyre Sloane.
•  Charles Edison (1890–1969), who took over the company upon his father's death and who later was elected Governor of New Jersey. He also took charge of his father's experimental laboratories in West Orange.
• Theodore Edison (1898–1992), (MIT Physics 1923), credited with more than 80 patents.

Mina outlived Thomas Edison, dying on August 24, 1947

Begining His Career

Thomas Edison began his career as an inventor in Newark, New Jersey, with the automatic repeater and his other improved telegraphic devices, but the invention that first gained him notice was the phonograph in 1877. This accomplishment was so unexpected by the public at large as to appear almost magical. Edison became known as "The Wizard of Menlo Park," New Jersey.

His first phonograph recorded on tinfoil around a grooved cylinder, but had poor sound quality and the recordings could be played only a few times. In the 1880s, a redesigned model using wax-coated cardboard cylinders was produced by Alexander Graham Bell, Chichester Bell, and Charles Tainter. This was one reason that Thomas Edison continued work on his own "Perfected Phonograph."

Menlo Park

Edison's major innovation was the first industrial research lab, which was built in Menlo Park, New Jersey. It was built with the funds from the sale of Edison's quadruplex telegraph. After his demonstration of the telegraph, Edison was not sure that his original plan to sell it for $4,000 to $5,000 was right, so he asked Western Union to make a bid. He was surprised to hear them offer $10,000, ($202,000 USD 2010), which he gratefully accepted.

The quadruplex telegraph was Edison's first big financial success, and Menlo Park became the first institution set up with the specific purpose of producing constant technological innovation and improvement. Edison was legally attributed with most of the inventions produced there, though many employees carried out research and development under his direction. His staff was generally told to carry out his directions in conducting research, and he drove them hard to produce results.

William Joseph Hammer, a consulting electrical engineer, began his duties as a laboratory assistant to Edison in December 1879. He assisted in experiments on the telephone, phonograph, electric railway, iron ore separator, electric lighting, and other developing inventions. However, Hammer worked primarily on the incandescent electric lamp and was put in charge of tests and records on that device. In 1880, he was appointed chief engineer of the Edison Lamp Works. In his first year, the plant under General Manager Francis Robbins Upton turned out 50,000 lamps. According to Edison, Hammer was "a pioneer of incandescent electric lighting". Frank J. Sprague, a competent mathematician and former naval officer, was recruited by Edward H. Johnson and joined the Edison organization in 1883. One of Sprague's contributions to the Edison Laboratory at Menlo Park was to expand Edison's mathematical methods. Despite the common belief that Edison did not use mathematics, analysis of his notebooks reveal that he was an astute user of mathematical analysis conducted by his assistants such as Francis Robbins Upton, for example, determining the critical parameters of his electric lighting system including lamp resistance by an analysis of Ohm's Law, Joule's Law and economics.

 Nearly all of Edison's patents were utility patents, which were protected for a 17-year period and included inventions or processes that are electrical, mechanical, or chemical in nature. About a dozen were design patents, which protect an ornamental design for up to a 14-year period. As in most patents, the inventions he described were improvements over prior art. The phonograph patent, in contrast, was unprecedented as describing the first device to record and reproduce sounds.

In just over a decade, Edison's Menlo Park laboratory had expanded to occupy two city blocks. Edison said he wanted the lab to have "a stock of almost every conceivable material". A newspaper article printed in 1887 reveals the seriousness of his claim, stating the lab contained "eight thousand kinds of chemicals, every kind of screw made, every size of needle, every kind of cord or wire, hair of humans, horses, hogs, cows, rabbits, goats, minx, camels ... silk in every texture, cocoons, various kinds of hoofs, shark's teeth, deer horns, tortoise shell ... cork, resin, varnish and oil, ostrich feathers, a peacock's tail, jet, amber, rubber, all ores ..." and the list goes on.

Over his desk, Edison displayed a placard with Sir Joshua Reynolds' famous quotation: "There is no expedient to which a man will not resort to avoid the real labor of thinking. This slogan was reputedly posted at several other locations throughout the facility. With Menlo Park, Edison had created the first industrial laboratory concerned with creating knowledge and then controlling its application.

10 Smartest Man in The World With High IQ

Many say that IQ is mental age of human beings based on comparison of chronological age. Obviously we did not need a high IQ pegged by because it's a high IQ is not a major determinant of one's success, because the factors that underlie a person's success is diverse including the SQ and EQ.

But we also should not ignore the IQ, at least we must understand and know little IQ, because History has recorded that many high IQ people who influence or have a major impact on the way human civilization, I take the example of the genius of Albert Einstein,  he has an IQ of 160 and he is a genius and has a lot to contribute to human life.

And here was this discussion that are pleasing to the high IQ people in the world :

1. Leonardo da Vinci ( Italy, IQ 220 )

2. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ( Germany, IQ 210 )

3. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz ( Germany, IQ 205 )

4. Emanuel Swedenborg ( Sweden, IQ 205 )

5. William James Sidis ( USA, IQ 200 )

6. Kim Ung-Yong ( Korea, IQ 200 )

7. Thomas Wolsey ( England, IQ 200 )

8. Hugo Grotius ( Holland, IQ 200 )

9. Sir Francis Galton ( England, IQ 200 )

10. John Stuart Mill ( England, IQ 200 )